What is meant by the term multiplier effect in tourism?

(i) Tourism can lead to a multiplier factor order. What is meant by the term multiplier effect? (4)The term multiplier effect refers to the resulting effect of a service or amenity creating further riches or positive effects in an bailiwick. For example, touristry in an plain go forth farm jobs in an ara, therefore the utiliseees of the tourism industry go forth have some extra gold to spend on other services, and therefore improving these other services in that area, al scummying further drill in the area.(ii) Explain with examples how tourism can lead to a miscell any of avocation types, at the point of origin or destination. (9)In any area, tourism will necessitate mountain to create the tourism be and enhance the call downors enjoyment of the location. Firstly, the origin of the traveller, for example, the UK, will create its own involution opportunities even before reaching the destination. The travel agent which books the holiday is un little the first st ep. The bank or finance service with which the individual obtains the money from in order to fund the holiday will also tamper a major role in the process, whilst also creating jobs at home.For the security measures and safety of the passenger, medical services and insurance will also be required to make sure the trip is non disrupted to a great extent should illness or theft, for example, be an occurrence on their excursion. Secondly, the employees of the destinations airport or sea port allowing the transition from transport to forward destination goes as smoothly as possible. After this the hoteliers, caterers, porters and cleaners at the hotel will be shooted to encourage a further visit to the area, as if the stay in the hotel is favourable, small-army populate will be enticed to return on future holidays, therefore generating further taxation for the hotel and local services.During their stay the tourists will require entertainment, an opportunity to sample the local nourishment and possibly see the sights the area has to offer by taking a guided tour or coach tour of the surroundings, all of which require people (hopefully local to avoid leakage of revenue back to MEDCs) to man the activities and therefore will create employment in the local area. The consider for ad hominem service, much(prenominal) as being waited upon, or having a personal tour guide means that the tourism industry is likely to employ umpteen an(prenominal) people during the course of the high succession. This means that the people touch on with tourism for the most part will have to seek employment elsewhere, as the tourist season is concent countd in the peak season (mostly summer for areas such(prenominal) as Southern Spain, besides for skiing or winter activities in areas such as Switzerland or Austria, this may differ).The tourist work is also likely to be temporary from year to year, low paid and informal, with payment cash in hand. This would indicate a tra nsient industry and would suggest that the host field would make from a change industry away from tourism, such as exporting oranges, wine and substructure gondola cars in Spain, however their most prolific industry is tourism, with many Europeans desire winter sun in the Costas.B.The economic benefits of tourism almost always surmount the environmental costs. Discuss (20)Firstly, we should consider the economic benefits of tourism for a boorish. As an example of this, I shall use Spain, a key destination for many Europeans. Indeed, revenue from tourism in May 2000 reached $2654 million (3158 million), an increase of 22% everyplace May 1999. The first five months of 2000 saw a revenue increase of 9% over the same period in 1999, totalling $9.6 one thousand thousand (11.5 billion). This is obviously a immense figure, and is Spains key industry, as is true of the recline of the world, as can be seen in China, a country not renowned for its tourist industry, however China earned 28.8 billion kwai ($3.5 billion) in tourism revenue over the week-long Labour Day holiday as approximately 74 million people took to the road (LatelineNews 5.9.01), however much of Chinas tourism appears to be from within the country, unlike Spain where much of the tourists fetch from the surrounding countries and much of northern Europe, for example Germany, France and England.The destination country gains huge benefits from the influx of tourists onto its shores. Not only does the countrys revenue increase by a large amount, but there is a greater employment rate as the tourism industry is so labour intensive, creating a multiplier effect in the theatrical role, allowing economic growth and other services to turn out to serve both the locals and the tourists alike. An improved infrastructure is developed which the locals can benefit from, for example airports and better roads, as can be seen in destinations such as Fuerteventura, an island in the Canary Islands, which has construed tourism only over the last ten years or so. Even now, there is speedy and continual growth, with new tarmac covered roads being created everyday, as a pose to the original dirt tracks still in designate today, however, work continues.However, it is important that the heritage and traditional culture of the area is not lost altogether. In some areas, such as Majorca, its main city, Palma has disappeared amongst Irish pubs, clubs and a concrete jungle of high rise apartments for a mass tourism experience. In this case, the real culture of the region has disappeared altogether, at least along the sea front. In the main part of the city there is a beautiful cathedral, which has been there since the first Spanish settlers. This type of culture, the language of the people and the local traditions, such as the siesta need to be retained, before the experience of a holiday becomes a home from home experience in other words, a warmer version of the origin country, such as th e UK. This is why eco-tourism and other types of alternative tourism such as Antarctica and quiet city breaks have become more popular.There are other downsides to tourism for a host country apart from the loss of heritage. Firstly, the amount of people tourism attracts is vast, up to 59million in Spain alone in 2000. (Source Ministerio de Economa y Hacienda). This may sound good, however if each tourist rented a car or took a bus to their destination hotel or villa, then the less developed infrastructure of the country will not necessarily be able to cope with the massive influx of traffic, normally in a very limited space and time frame (i.e. peak season, and near the popular destination in the host country, such as the coast). This will have an inevitable result of creating air pollution in the immediate area.The local resources will also be stretched to the limit as the cosmos capacity (both physical and perceptual capacity) is reached. In many of the destination countries, t he weewee supplies are short being in a warmer region than most. Therefore the water supplies are put in jeopardy as the tourists take up much of the existences water supply, leaving the local population to survive on very little. Obviously this is not an issue in some of the cooler climates, such as Austria where skiing is the main attraction, and the area itself is much more lush than some of the areas I am generalising, such as Spain or Greece. Another key problem is the way in which the tourism industry attracts people from outside of the cities and tourist resorts, such as farmers and rural communities, whom are attracted to the money being generated in the highly assiduousness tourist attractions. This will also increase pollution, population and pressure on the area.With the mass of people being attracted to an area, the more housing and other buildings are required to facilitate these employees, tourists and other groups. The environment is therefore detrimentally modify as the buildings destroy habitats, which along the coastlines of many countries can prove to be areas of natural beauty, which are covered by tourist resorts, in a matter of a few years from the start of tourism in a country aimed at this type of mass tourism. These mass resorts need an outlet for the waste they produce as much as threesome times as much waste as is produced by the country in low season, an indication of the environmental impact that the tourists have on an area.Therefore, it is evident that there are both positive and negative economic (in the form of economic carrying capacity being too low in low season) effects, which appear to outweigh the highly negative effects on the environment in the host country. Indeed, there is a need for a review on how to create a sustainable solution to the residue between the two aspects of a countrys development. If a satisfactory conclusion is not met in relation to sustaining the environment in a given area, it is supposed(pr enominal) that the tourism industry will survive as the tourists will be repelled by the poor environmental quality. Sustainable ecotourism or simply a reinvention of the processes involved in transport, waste disposal and the impact the tourist has on the environment need to be implemented in order to create a tourist destination which will last the host country long enough to become established and diversified in many industries.