Imperialism in the middle east Essays -- essays research papers

http//college.hmco.com/history/ westside/mckay/western_society/7e/students/ come forthlines/ch26.htmlWestern penetration of Egypt Muhammad Ali built a modern state in Turkish held Egypt that attracted European disdainrs. He drafted the peasants, reformed the disposal, and improved communications. The peasants lost place because the land was converted from self-sufficient farms to large, private landholdings to grow cash crops for export.Ismail go on the modernization of Egypt, including the completion of the Suez Canal, but as well drew the country deep into debt. To prevent Egypt from going bankrupt, Britain and France intervened politically. Foreign financial control provoked a violent nationalistic reaction in Egypt that led to British line of reasoning of the country until 1956.Natural ResourcesBeginning in the 1800s, imperialism was besides practiced in the Middle East. The prime attraction for most European nations was the presence of coarse oil fields. The machinery produced as a result of the Industrial Revolution postulate oil to keep numerous moving parts lubricated. As the midland combustion engine became more popular around 1900, oil was also needed as a fuel. Strategic LocationStrategy also played a major role in the European advantage of the Middle East through imperialism. Two areas that Europe paid crabby attention to were the Suez Canal and heaven.Suez CanalThe French originally set out to build the Suez Canal in 1859. However, Britain soon became jealous because of the potential equal the shortcut between the Mediterranean and Red seas could have on trade with its Indian colony. In 1875, the British wrested financial control of the Suez Canal by from the French, and eventually made all of Egypt a protectorate in 1882.PalestineAfter WWI, the newly formed League of Nations gave Great Britain a order over Palestine. Palestines location on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea seemed like a great prize to the British, but pr oblems soon erupted. It became conk that both Arabs and Jews claimed the region as a homeland.Ambiguous British contrasted policy heightened tensions between the two groups as each was given a conflicting promise . For their support in WWI, Britain promised Arabs independence. Later however, in the Balfour Declaration, Britain promised to assure a national homeland for the Jews.After WWII, Palestine would b... ...English to build railroads. increase export of cotton. Egypt = drawn increasingly into the world market. Khedive became westernized, commissioned Aida from Verdi. --But all this make up $, borrowed mostly from England or France. Egypt = soon in financial trouble, temporarily jutting by selling Canal shares to England. Khedive = abdicated, replaced by a Western puppet. Nationalists rebelled, and in a pattern repe ated throughout colonial world, opposed both foreigners and government, the government for aiding foreign interest. Resistance = defeated by British, who stay ed there until after WWII. Egypt = gum olibanum a British protectorate. Khedive = protected by the Britis h, who helped the Egyptian economy. --French objected strongly to British presence in Near East, for French had by far the superlative investment there. To compensate for British gains, French built a N. African empire in Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco. GBr and Germany in turn objected to Frenc h growth. Fertile cause for WWI. --Young Turks took control of government in 1908, forced restoration of constitution, introduced many reforms. Bulgaria inform full independence, and Austria annexed Bosnia. Italy took Libya, 1912.