Platos Phaedo The Souls Immortality free essay sample

In the dialogue, Socrates discusses the nature of the afterlife on his last day before eing executed by drinking hemlock poison. Socrates has been imprisoned and sentenced to death by Athenian political leaders for not believing in Athenian gods and for corrupting the youth of the city. The dialogue is told from the perspective of one of Socrates students, Phaedo of Elis. Having been present at Socrates death bed, Phaedo relates the dialogue from that day to Echecrates, a fellow philosopher. By engaging in dialectic with a group of Socrates friends, including the Thebans Cebes nd Simmias, Socrates explores various arguments for the souls immortality in order to show that there is an afterlife in which the soul will dwell following death. Phaedo tells the story that following the discussion, he and the others were there to witness the death of Socrates. One of the main themes in the Phaedo is the idea that the soul is immortal. We will write a custom essay sample on Platos Phaedo: The Souls Immortality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Socrates offers four arguments for the souls immortality: The Cyclical Argument, or Opposites Argument explains that Forms are eternal and nchanging, and as the soul always brings life, then it must not die, and is necessarily imperishable. As the body is mortal and is subject to physical death, the soul must be its indestructible opposite. Plato then suggests the analogy of fire and cold. If the form of cold is imperishable, and fire, its opposite, was within close proximity, it would have to withdraw intact as does the soul during death. This could be likened to the idea of the opposite charges of magnets. The Theory of Recollection xplains that we possess some non-empirical knowledge (e. g. The Form of Equality) at birth, implying the soul existed before birth to carry that knowledge. Another account of the theory is found in Platos Meno, although in that case Socrates implies Anamnesis (previous knowledge of everything) whereas he is not so bold in Phaedo. The Affinity Argument, explains that invisible, immortal, and incorporeal things are different from visible, mortal, and corporeal things. Our soul is of the former, while ur body is of the latter, so when our bodies die and decay, our soul will continue to live. The Argument from Form of Life explains that the Forms, incorporeal and static entities, are the cause of all things in the world, and all things participate in Forms. For example, beautiful things participate in the Form of Beauty; the number four participates in the Form of the Even, etc. The soul, by its very nature, participates in the Form of Life, which means the soul can never die. The Phaedo was first translated into Latin from Greek by Henry Aristippus in 1160.

Common risk factors for cancer

Common risk factors for cancer The most common risk factors for cancer are heredity, where it is passed down from generation to generation; age, which can be targeted to several different age groups; race, which is targeted to specific individuals within a heritage group; and the unknown.Heredity transfer does increase the risk for these type of cancers which include but are not limited to testicular, colon, breast (although very rare), ovarian, and prostate. If there is a history of these types of cancers in the family all precautions should be taken to prevent or catch the disease early in the stage. Therefore, testing should be completed on an annual basis.Age can also be a factor with several different types of cancer which can be but are not limited to colon, rectal, stomach, breast and kidney which is targeted at the 50 and over generations. Prostate cancer is targeted at the 65 and older generation.English: Relative survival of invasive epithelial ...Uterine or Endometrial cancer usually occurs after age 55 but has been seen as young as 14 in women. Pancreatic cancer in men and ovarian cancer is most seen in women over 60; and oral cancer after age 40 and is most dominant with men. The younger generations aged 20-35 are highly at risk for testicular cancer. Multiple myeloma is diagnosed as early as 70 years old.Race and/or sex also play a role in cancer traits. But cancers that can be somewhat controlled are the cancers that can be prevented with healthy diets, no smoking or tobacco chewing, one sex partner, and sun radiation protection are just a few behaviors that can be changed or modified to decrease the risk of be inflicting with cancer.

Health of Family Business' Consultant's Report Essay

Health of Family Business' Consultant's Report - Essay Example It took a time to establish a brand name in the competitive market. Still this a room for improvement in the operational and strategic issues and activities. Organizational structure is not clearly defined among the employees. There are no clear-cut hierarchy levels. When there are no managerial levels then defiantly there is a lack of role clarity among the employees. The customer base is segmented into different segments and then company may design different product lines in order to attract any particular segment. The Apparel store do not have a marketing department rather there is only a marketing manager who himself focus on all the marketing demands and then make strategic plans to fulfill that particular demand. Form marketing point of view the Apparel store is doing well as compare to the competitive businesses. Nevertheless, the Store may face certain challenges regarding their financial matters. Overall Zara apparel store is working in a good condition. There is a five-year plan to extend the branch of the Apparel Store in the next cities also. Zara Apparel store should focus on the distribution strategy because the customers are facing certain delivery problems. Zara Apparel Store is a local famous clothing family owned business, working successfully for the past decade in the local operational area. The famous person of the locality started this clothing business in 2001. The store was a small one at the time of inauguration but now the operations are so widen that it covers a major portion of the local market. In the next 5-7 years, the owners have a plan to expand the operational serving area into the near geographical boundaries. The owners of the family owned business Zara Apparel Store have also a planning to make an extension in the product lines of the business. Currently the business is serving a major portion of the customer market by offering desired

Design Information Technology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Design Information Technology - Assignment Example To embed functionalities on a simple design would require more effort than in putting the functionalities regardless of simplicity of design. Simplicity is the factor of designing that made Kaplan and Braunstein the high sale in camcorder. People love simple, adaptable, and dependable products (Colborne, 2010). Most of the companies had concentrated on making their camcorders win sales by adding advanced features. This was in contrast to the flip, which was primitive, missing on some features with low resolution. A year later flip just increased its sales to a million units with a low market of 6 million units. This came in recognition by the company, which recognized how the camcorders had become complex and intimidating. On realizing the main objective of people, which was not to make films but take spontaneous events as they came. With the realization of the customer requirements, flip is set into simplicity. It ditched the non-essential features, leaving out no cable. It effected on flip-USB connector, giving it its name. The flip had few buttons, did not require a CD for its software for it was embedded in the camcorder itself. This was among the design example of simplicity that gained the market among others that existed such as the VW Beetle and Twitter. This brings out how simplicity finds a popular audience due to reliability, as well as, being easy to use. They leave the users attracted to them. Hence, they usually get many surprising ways. This is one of the most advanced technologies that has brought up creation of powerful yet simple products. In creating complexities, when one side fails it may cost more to change everything in a satisfying manner to the people. The US Motor industry based itself on building cars that were heavy, thirsty, and expensive and sold at a premium price when the company faced a weighty problem during the 2008 economic crash. As usual, not many wanted high expenses during the economic crash. When the company did its anal ysis, it found that in restructuring itself, it would have to invest more billions of dollars. Therefore, it recognized the advantage of simplicity having withstood changes with less cost unlike the complexities that would cost a lot more when changes arise. Thus, the designers must put into consideration only the features that people consider essential, especially when rough times come, adhering to changes that would cost a lot. To give more features would require more cost unlike simple designs, which entail fewer features hence lowering of the cost (Colborne, 2010). Simplicity does not mean it would be so for all users and manufacturers. A company, which had its networking and functionality upgraded, made the managers’ work simpler, but the salespeople complained. This proves that on designing a simple part a lot would have to be put into consideration. Companies which products seem simple to the users, designers, and manufacturers usually have it rough. Google, which is t he largest and the simplest of all search engines, has the best engineers to do coding and math on the back end. Every year they set out to have the best in every of the fields they have. Employees work in the highest degree of professionalism to bring out what is acceptable by the users as simple. The one wheel bike may look very simple but prove to be an enormous challenge to ride. The Shaker and Panton chair both are simple but have a given uniqueness for their purpose. Therefore, in the design creation, we consider

Roles in homeland security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Roles in homeland security - Essay Example Homeland Defense refers to the provision of security to the US domestic population, sovereignty, territory, and important infrastructure against threats and aggression that are external (Bullock, et al. 2013). The threat that America faces requires a bigger commitment with the individual citizens as they act as the eyes and ears of the US homeland security physical and organizational structures. The public are informed why and where given locations and actions are targets for terrorists, the things that are being done to make these targets safe and how they can be useful. The citizens are not supposed to fuel any fear to a nation that is already troubled. The major role that the individual citizens play is advancing social capital. This is through developing and maintaining social networks. These social networks are vital for providing help and information appropriate for traumatic stress management. Citizens can also volunteer to help emergency responders, community safety and disaster relief (Charvat, et al. 2012). Citizens are urged to become members of programs like Community Emergency Response Training (CERT) and Citizens Corps. They can also join local and state programs of the same nature. The state and local governments provides fast reactions and consequence minimization to attacks that happen despite all the great effort by the federal system to keep from happening. The local government prepares for the effect management role. They pay a big deal of concentration to prevention efforts. Even though they do t do much in this regard. Consequential management is a very crucial mission. First responders are prepared to deal with biological, chemical, or large explosive attacks (Abbott, et al 2010). These programs have not been always focused and efficient, they have become better as their level of funding is

7 Ps Of Rural Marketing In India Marketing Essay

7 Ps Of Rural Marketing In India Marketing Essay Indias rural market holds high potential for increased consumer buying, as per the reports prepared by the NCAER. This paper explains the potential of the rural market and the issues of concern with regard to rural marketing. Rural markets are becoming important for reasons of economic growth in these areas and increasing interfirm rivalry in urban market. The rural buyer is less educated, price sensitive, more traditional and is keen viewer of T.V and video programmes. Products for rural markets have to be simpler, easy to use, visually identifiable, affordable, communicated in an interesting style and available at the customers door step. Rural consumer behaviour is a very complex phenomenon, which needs more efforts to understand, explain predict. In order to get a clear understanding of the same, every marketer should realize that consumer behaviour is, in fact, an assumption every marketing manager must make, if he plans to hit the rural market. The marketing program consists of numerous decisions on the mix of marketing tools to use. These tools consist of 4Ps of marketing i.e. product, price, place and promotion. The marketing mix is considered as the sole vehicle for creating and delivering customer value. 7 Ps of Rural Marketing in India ABSTRACT Indias rural market holds high potential for increased consumer buying, as per the reports prepared by the NCAER. This paper explains the potential of the rural market and the issues of concern with regard to rural marketing. Rural markets are becoming important for reasons of economic growth in these areas and increasing interfirm rivalry in urban market. The rural buyer is less educated, price sensitive, more traditional and is keen viewer of T.V and video programmes. Products for rural markets have to be simpler, easy to use, visually identifiable, affordable, communicated in an interesting style and available at the customers door step. Rural consumer behaviour is a very complex phenomenon, which needs more efforts to understand, explain predict. In order to get a clear understanding of the same, every marketer should realize that consumer behaviour is, in fact, an assumption every marketing manager must make, if he plans to hit the rural market. The marketing program consists of numerous decisions on the mix of marketing tools to use. These tools consist of 4Ps of marketing i.e. product, price, place and promotion. The marketing mix is considered as the sole vehicle for creating and delivering customer value. Intoduction What Rural Means Typically, from an Indian census point of view, rural has been defined with a deprivation orientation, rural being a landmass without access to continuous electricity, water, the stock market. There has been a correction in this view, however. Marketers today define rural as people living a different lifestyle as opposed to that of those who have settled in the bigger cities and towns. Rural is defined as pastoral in nature and as a mass of people who relate their income closely to the lands they till or use to raise their cattle and livestock. The Census of India defines urban India, says Gupta of TSMG. Urban India constitutes places with a population of more than 5,000, a population density above 400 per square kilometer, all statutory towns, that is, all places with a municipal corporation, municipal board, cantonment board, notified area council, etc. and with 75% of the male working population engaged in non-agricultural employment. All non-urban is rural. In simple words, we can say that rural India is a less developed countryside where the infrastructure is primitive, houses are of mud or brick but rarely painted well, the primary source of livelihood is agriculture, employment opportunities in the organized sector are negligible, eating choices are restricted to home-cooked, simple food, schools are far away, health facilities are rudimentary. Marketing Mix It refers to a set of actions, tactics, tools or variables that a company uses to promote and sells its brand and product in the markets. The 4Ps of marketing mix are: Product: refers to anything that is capable of or can be offered to satisfy need or want? Price: refers to the amount customers have to pay in order to acquire a product or services. 3 Cs of pricing Customer Values Competitor Prices Cost of Company Place: refers to point of sale Promotion: This refers to all the activities undertaken to make the product or services known to and preferred among the consumers. The Rural Market Environment in India The marketing man is a decider and an artist- a mixer of ingredients, who sometimes follow a recipe, developed by others and sometimes prepares his own recipe. And, sometimes he adapts his recipe to the ingredients that are readily available and sometimes invents some new ingredients, or experiments with ingredients as no one else have tired before. This paper is emphasized on understanding the marketing environment as it is the success key to effective marketing management for rural marketing. The rural market environment needs a separate examination as it varies significantly from that of the urban market. The rural customer shows distinctive characteristics which makes him/her different from urban buyers. 1. The Rural Consumer: Size of Rural Consumer Group: We all know that the heart of India lives in its villages and the Indian rural market with its vast size and demand base offers great opportunities to marketers. 12.2% of the world lives in Rural India and to successfully tap this growing market is every marketers dream. Characteristics of Rural Consumer Group Location pattern:-Though the aggregate size is very large, individual subsets of this market tend to be rather small and disparate. Geographical, demographical, statistical, logistical differences are very apparent. Each of these market segments differs and requires different strategies to be formed. The face of Indian agriculture is changing from dry land and irrigated agriculture into high-tech and low-tech agriculture. Farmers in states like Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh have reaped the benefits of adopting new age farming practices. This has radically changed the economics of farming, with the investment in these systems lowering the cost of cultivation, increasing yields due to integrated crop management practices and reducing the dependence on rainfall. As a result, disposable income has grown sharply. The aspirants are becoming climbers showing a sustained economic upturn as purchasing power is increasing in the rural markets. Further, due to the diversity of this market, mar keters need to think, plan and act locally. It is therefore essential to develop an accurate Marketing Mix for selling to rural India. Socio-economic position: The sudden lure of rural India can be attributed to the socio-economic changes sweeping rural areas today. Increased productivity meant more income in the hands of the farmer who now wanted to buy the same products as his/her urban counterpart did.The process of income generation creating hope for better standards of living was also accelerated by companies and banks adopting villages for an integrated rural development. So, while fertilizers companies interest in adopting villages lay in increasing consumption of their products, companies like TISCO, TELCO ITG made it a part of their social commitment. The Integrated Rural Development Programme encompasses education, health, modern farming practices, land development co-operative marketing of produce. Culturally a Diverse and Heterogenous Market:-The rural market is not only a scattered market, but is also diverse heterogenous. Rural consumers are diverse in terms of religious, social, cultural linguistic factors. Various tiers are present, depending on the incomes like those of Big Landlords, Trades, Small Farmers, Marginal Farmers, Laborers Artisans. State to State Variation in Extent of Development:-There is also great deal of difference between different states in extent of development. The study provided by IMRB shows that each sate have different various parameters such as availability of health education facilities, availability of public transport ,electricity, TV transmission, post offices and water supply so on. Literacy Level:-It has been estimated that rural India has a literacy rate of 28% compared with 55% for the whole country. The picture has been changing over the years. For e.g. a decade ago, the literacy rate in rural India was only 20%. The adult literacy programmes launched in the rural areas are bound to enhance the rural literacy rate in the years to come. Lifestyle:-The rural consumers are marked by a conservative and traditional bound lifestyle. But the fact is that the lifestyle is undergoing a significant change. The change can be attributed to several factors such as: Growth of income change in income distribution Growth in education Enlarged media reach Growing interaction with urban communities Marketers efforts to reach out the rural market. Buying Behaviour Undergoes Major Change In recent years, some convergence in aspirations seems to be taking place between the urban and rural markets. The trend seems to be stronger among the younger generations. It is been found that aspirations of youth are same in both urban rural market, the only difference is that rural youth are still not in a position to follow their aspirations as that of urban youth. No stereotype Rural Consumer: The low purchasing power/ low per capita income low literacy level are the common traits of rural consumers. Rural consumers are traditional-bound, with religion, culture tradition strongly influencing their consumption habits. But still, the rural consumers do not share a common buying behavior. There are consumers who can afford high-priced brands and are also willing to buy. There is thus great scope and need for segmenting the rural market on the basis of buying behavior. 2. The Rural Demands Steady Growth: The recent NCAER publication The Great Indian Middle Class further reveals that the Indian middle class consisted on 10.7 million households or 57 million individuals of which 36 per cent lived in rural areas. No wonder, the rural markets have been a vital source of growth for most companies. For a number of FMCG companies in the country, more than half their annual sales come from the rural market. Although with the substantial improvement in purchasing power, increasing brand consciousness, changing consumption pattern and rapid spread of communication network rural india offers a plethora of opportunities for marketer. Composition of Rural Demand:- Many new products have entered the consumption basket of the rural consumer, they have started buying and using a number of modern products, which were unknown in the rural market. There are several products which have already well established in the rural market such as packaged tea, bath soaps, washing soaps, detergents, safety razor blades, scooters, motorcycles etc. On the other side there are many products, the rural market has overtaken the urban as the demand of motorcycles is also more in the rural market than the urban market. Rural Marketing Mix Product: Product for the rural market must be built or modified to suit the lifestyle needs of the rural customers. The rural market is not a homogenous set of customers with preferences frozen in time. The company should keep in mind that before developing the products for rural market, marketers must identify the typical rural specific needs. Urban products cannot be dumped onto rural markets without modifications. For instance, shampoos or soaps with distinctive, strong rose or jasmine perfumes are very popular with the rural women in South India. The urban women do not identify as strongly with these perfumes. Sachetization is also a distinctly rural-driven phenomenon. As demand in several categories is being created, intensity of use is quite low. On average, rural folk would use a shampoo only once a week. Habits take time to change and making unit sachet packs affordable is the key to inducing trial and purchase. Systematic, in-depth research that can help understand the depths of the mind of the villagers, their buying criteria, purchase patterns and purchasing power are an essential input while developing rural specific products or services. In the rural market product developers should aim at eliminating all the cost-adding features, i.e., features which a rural consumer is unwilling to pay for as he sees no obvious utility. This would redefine value in the minds of the consumer and tremendously increase product acceptability. The product strategies to be followed in rural market: Newly/ Modified product Utility Oriented product Avoiding sophisticated packaging Application of Value Engineering Small unit packaging Example: Induce rural customers to buy and try the new product i.e trial by low unit packs, Sachets(HLL),Cavin Care -Chik, PG-Vicks Vaporub, Godrej with 6ml sachet , One Rasna sachet can make six glasses Social Cultural variations Combi- Packs Colgate offers toothbrush with small toothpaste Family Packs-Britannia , Priyagold Price: The villagers due to their price sensitivity are very cost sensitive.This does not mean that a rural consumer is a miser. He is not simply looking for the cheapest product rather he understands and demands value for money in every purchase that he makes. Pricing therefore is a direct function of factors including cost-benefit advantage and opportunity cost. Pricing offered to consumers should be for value offerings that are affordable. The consumer is looking for tangible price advantages today. It is believed that rural consumers believe in smart buying. A study revealed that the average rural consumer takes approximately 2 years to decide on buying a watch! He will not do so unless he is totally convinced that he is getting value for money. Impulse buys and purchases are very rare when considering the value for money factor that reigns supreme in most rural purchase decisions. It must be remembered that the rural consumer does not have a budget problem. He has a cash flow problem. This is because the village folk receive funds only twice a year. At these times, he is capable of making high volume purchases. So, when there is a cash flow crunch, marketers need to provide financial products, schemes or solutions that suit the needs of the rural population. The Pricing Strategies to be followed in rural market Large volume- low emerging Overall efficiencies and passing on benefits to the consumers Low cost/value for money products Low volume-low price Example: Low cost products i.e Clinic-plus in 50 paisa, one rupee, two rupee pack, Colgate at Rs. 50 /- HLL derives 50% of its revenue from rural areas, sells Lux shampoo in a four milliliter sachet priced at 50 Paisa and six-milliliter sachet priced at one rupee Place: A village as a pace of promotion, distribution and consumption is very different from town and city. The most crucial link in ensuring the success of rural marketing efforts is distribution. In Rural India, the selection and use of distribution channels is a nightmare. As in Rural Indias 3 million outlets are located in 6.3 lakh villages. Thus, marketers are faced with the problem of feeding 3 million shops located in vastly diverse areas each of which records an average sale of only Rs.5,000 per outlet. Further problem is that even this sale is mostly on credit. The diversity in the distribution of shops is the self-limiting factor in terms of servicing the rural distribution network. Rural distribution has a rigid hierarchy of markets that make channel decisions relatively structured. It is essential for rural marketing companies to understand this hierarchy. Rural folk are habituated to traveling once a week for their weekly purchases to a satellite town. For durables where the outlay involved is typically large, the purchase would be made in an assembly market for reasons of choice and availability of adequate cash flow. It is therefore not necessary for a marketer of TV sets to take their distribution channel all the way down to the village shop. A TV will not be sold there as the cash flow does not exist at that point in the hierarchy of markets. A television distributor must be present at assembly markets which are much smaller in number, more controllable, easier to reach and service. Keeping the hierarchy in mind will help decide the optimum level of penetration required to reach a critical mass of rural consumers. Haats are the nerve centre of Rural India. They are a readymade distribution network embedded in the fabric of rural society for over 1000 years. Right from the time of Chandragupta Maurya, Haats are seen as a place for social, cultural and economic interchange.One in every five villages with a population of over 2000 has a haat. A lot of re-distribution also occurs through haats. This is because, a large number of retailers and sub-wholesalers buy from haats for their village stores. What is most attractive to marketers is that 90% + of sales in haats are on cash basis. Traditionally, in village shops a lot of credit sales occur due to the fact that in a small geographic area of a village, everybody knows everybody. Apart from the 90% cash sale, 5 to 7% is conducted on barter system and the rest 3 to 5% is on credit. Also attractive to companies wishing to use the system is the low selling overheads. Participation fees at haats are a flat Re.1 to Rs.5 per stall and this rate is comm on to a giant like Hindustan Lever and the smallest local seller. Distribution costs must be reduced through optimum utilization of the network. Thus, incorporating haats in the distribution strategy of a rural marketing organization selling consumer goods and FMCG products (typically once a week purchase items) is a tremendous opportunity. Perhaps the other most important factor to consider while developing rural distribution strategy is that the move from transactional marketing to relationship marketing is most evident in the village market. A strong bond needs to be created with every consumer even in the remotest villages and smallest town. The distribution strategies to be followed in rural market: Segmentation Covering of villages having population above 2,000 Distribution to feeder market or mandi town Direct contact with rural retail. Example: Samsung van displays all the products, the company has tied up with local distributors to showcase the Samsung range in local melas. Promotion: Promotion aspects always create a challenge in rural areas as they have a very thin population density but are spreaded in the large remote area. There are a lot of barriers that militate against homogenous media and message delivery. The rural consumer likes to touch and feel a product before making a choice. Demonstrations are undoubtedly the most effective promotional tool that shapes purchase decisions of the rural population. In todays information era, it is very important for companies to wise-up on emerging technologies. It has in fact become a medium to attract larger audiences for a product demonstration. Technology must be used to prepare a database of customers and their requirements. The use of video using mobile vans and even large screen video walls at events should be arranged. Several visual communication and non-verbal communication are used by the companies to reach the rural audience as large proportion of the rural population cannot read or write. More importantly, in rural India, the word of mouth is the key influencer. Intermediaries are the foundation to rural distribution. If the intermediary understand s and is constantly reminded about your product, then the end user will not be allowed to forget. The re-use capacity and colour of the container in which the product is packed is also a crucial factor. Infact, reusable packaging is considered a major aid in promoting sales for products in the rural market. Consumer and Trade schemes such as discount coupons, off season discounts, free samples, etc. encourage spending. Lucky draws and gift schemes are a major hit in most states. The use of local idioms and colloquial expressions are an excellent way to strike a rapport with the rural consumer and must be borne in mind when developing media plans and public relations programmes. The rural consumer is very down to earth but equally discerning and marketers need to step into the shoes of the rural folk while creating product promotion campaigns. Another unique feature of rural markets is that the Decision making process is collective. The persons involved in the purchase process influ encer, decider, buyer, one who pays can all be different. So marketers must address brand messages in their campaigns at several levels. Apart from regular household goods, several agribusiness companies have also started providing gift schemes with offers for free jewellery that influences the ladies to pressure the farmers to purchase agricultural inputs from select companies. This promotion strategy thus makes women influence purchase decisions that they would ordinarily not be involved in. Youth power is becoming increasingly evident in villages. Rural youth bring brand knowledge to the households. This has forced several companies to change the focus and positioning of their products and services towards this segment that is growing in absolute number and relative influence. The promotional strategies to be followed for promotion in rural market TV Radio Print media Cinema Hoarding Example: 1. Films on products like Vicks, Lifebuoy, Colgate and Shampoos are shown in rural cinemas halls. 2. LIC and Private insurance companies have been showing short movies in rural theatres to create awareness about life insurance People:-An essential ingredient to any service provision is the use of appropriate staff and people. Consumers make judgments and deliver perceptions of the service based on the employees they interact with, therefore it is necessary for the companies to provide proper training to their staff. Staff should have the appropriate interpersonal skills, aptititude, and service knowledge to provide the service that consumers are paying for. Process:- It refers to the systems used to assist the organisation in delivering the service. Banks that send out Credit Cards automatically when their customers old one has expired again require an efficient process to identify expiry dates and renewal. An efficient service that replaces old credit cards will foster consumer loyalty and confidence in the company. Physical Evidence:- Physical Evidence is the element of the service mix which allows the consumer again to make judgments on the organisation. If you walk into a restaurant your expectations are of a clean, friendly environment. Physical evidence is an essential ingredient of the service mix, consumers will make perceptions based on their sight of the service provision which will have an impact on the organisations perceptual plan of the service. Cases of Rural marketing mix in India 1.Coca Cola When Coca -Cola re-entered the Indian Market in the mid-1990s , it took the high road to marketing and got nowhere. More recently it re-invented itself and its TV commercial showed Bollywood star Amir Khan first as a Punjabi Farmer and also in other rustic roles in different parts of India .Coca -Cola available at Rs. 5 a bottle Result was within months Coke was able to reach out to rural audiences in large numbers all over India . 2.Arvind Mills When Arvind Mills discovered even the cheapest brand could not make dent in the rural markets .It introduced ready-to-stitch RufTuf Jeans with price as low as 195 a Piece The Jeans were distributed using local retail outlets in villages with population up to 5,000 .Tailors were trained and given Machine accessories needed to stitch heavy denim In about year and a half Arvind sold 50 Lakh Rug Tuf kits because it had beaten the lowest-priced organized sector jeans around Rs. 300 at that time Conclusion Today, the rural market is blooming with the increase in the disposable incomes of the households. By nature, rural marketing is complex and studying the perception of rural consumers is always a difficult task unlike that of urban consumers. An effective communication not only provides information about products, but also educates the consumers regarding the use of products. Therfore, it is necessary that rural consumers have to be thoroughly studied so as to have better knowledge of rural marketing and work out appropriate marketing strategies. The essence of modern marketing concept is to satisfy the customer, and naturally all the marketing activities should revolve around the customers and their buying behaviour. The consumers need to be guided in the proper direction in order to make a decision. Theres a necessity to raise the emotional involvement of consumers in order to prevent brand defection. The marketers must recognize that rural marketing is primarily developmental marketing must be willing to take an approach of market seeding in the initial stages. It is often said that markets are made, not found. This is particularly true of the rural market of India. It is a market meant for the truly creative marketer.

The Paradox of Rich-to-Poor Capital Flow Essay -- North-South Capital

According to the Solow Growth Model, all countries will eventually converge to their long run steady state. If we consider the usual assumptions, of countries producing the same goods with the same constant returns to scale production technology, using (homogenous) capital and labour as factors of production, differences in income per capita income will reflect differences in per capita capital. Therefore, essentially if capital is allowed to flow freely, new investments should occur only in the poorer economy. However this is certainly not the case in reality. Most of the net capital flow in the past four decades has been north-to-north (rich countries investing in other rich countries), rather than north-south (rich economies investing in poorer ones) as predicted by the Solow Growth Model. Lucas (1990) compares the USA and India using data from 1988 to show that capital does not flow from rich to poor countries as predicted by the neoclassical growth model, and in setting out his simple framework he illustrates the paradox that exists. Assuming a production function y = Ax^B, the relative marginal productivity of capital (MPK) will be given by- rIndia/ rUS= (yIndia / yUS)^(ÃŽ ² -1)/ ÃŽ ². Plugging the data from 1988 in, we find that the marginal product of India should be 58 times that of the USA, as a result of which all investment should flow from the US to India. This is where the paradox lies-in reality such flows are not observed. The law of diminishing returns implies that the marginal productivity of capital will be higher in poorer countries. If this model is correct, and the capital markets are free and complete, investment should take place in India and other poor countries, and not in the USA or other richer countres... ...11. 3. Michael A. Clemens. (2002). Do Rich Countries InvestLess in Poor Countries thanthe Poor Countries Themselves?†. Available: www.jstor.com. Last accessed 20th Jan 2011. 4. Jonathan Eaton Mark Gersovitz Joseph E. Stiglitz. (1986). THE PURE THOERY OF COUNTRY RISK. Available: http://www.nber.org/papers/w1894.pdf. Last accessed 20th Jan 2011. 5. Wei, Shang-Jin. (2000). Local Corruption and Global Capital FlowsComment and Discussion. Available: www.jstor.com. Last accessed 20th Jan 2011. 6. Ays ¸e Y. Evrensel. (2004). Lending to developing countries revisited: changing nature of lenders and payment problems. Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6W8Y-4DS906V-1-1&_cdi=6667&_user=128590&_pii=S0939362504000615&_origin=search&_coverDate=09/01/2004&_sk=999719996&view=c&wchp=dGLbVzW-zSkWA&md5. Last accessed 20th Jan 2011. 7. Lecture Notes

Discuss Ways in Which Edward Thomas Presents Memory in ‘Aspens’.

â€Å"Empty as sky, with every other sound No ceasing, calls there ghosts from their abode† Discuss ways in which Thomas presents memory in ‘Aspens’. In your answer, explore the effects of language, imagery and verse form, and consider how this poem relates to other poems by Thomas that you have studied. Memory is presented as either a way of life or a community of change, as demonstrated in ‘Aspens’, ‘Old Man’, ‘Aldestrop’. He does this through the variety of techniques such as change in form, use of imagery and alternations in the tone of each poem to explore memory.As well as this, Thomas explicates the devastation of emptiness due to the consequence of war, which is portrayed through the use of soft consonantal sounds or the use of sibilance to carry the silence through the poem as it does in the places described in each poem. Quatrain A, B, A, B combined with the iambic pentameter shows regularity in the stresses of the beat, which reflects the motion of the Aspens as they sway consistently in the breeze. Alternatively, the regularity in the rhythm could reflect the beat of the hammer of the Blacksmith’s, as mentioned in the second stanza to emphasise how the vignette was once active, busy and lively.This is also seen in the sonnet by Robert Frost, Acquainted with the Night, where iambic pentameter could have been used to reflect the constant depressive state the poet experienced at the time. This contrasts with another of Thomas’ poems, ‘Tears’, where his thoughts are disjointed and disorganised as he tries to recollect his memories. Thus the use of free verse and an 18 line stanza, unbroken, is appropriate as it reflects how he struggles to remember. Despite this, the whole stanza is in iambic pentameter but Thomas has used this technique in order to reflect what is going on in his memory.For example, the last 6 lines of the stanza regulate, as all are of the same lengt h, which expresses the formality of the soldiers marching and their systematic organisation. In comparison, ‘Old Man’ has an irregular structure and this use of free verse conveys Thomas’ uncertainty in dealing with the subject of memory. It would be deemed applicable to say that the struggle to reminisce is present in ‘Aldestrop’ as Thomas uses the hyphen at the end of the first line to show the pause in his recollection, as seen similarly and previously in the first line of ‘Tears’ as the use of two hyphens portrays Thomas’ thought process.The theme of emptiness is seen throughout Thomas’ poems. The wartime poet writes of his memory of livelihood and activity in villages, such as the one described in ‘Aspens’, and then how it begins to disappear as a result of war. This is shown as the village is left with a ‘lightless pane and footless road’ causing the village to appear as ‘empty as skyâ €™ and this simile gives a sense of vastness of the effects of the war, emphasising on the emptiness in the poem. Further, the mention of the ‘cross-roads to a ghostly room’ explicates that the village is so empty that it is leading nowhere.This metaphor is ironic as cross-roads are suggestively open gateways and a sense of choice in direction. However this connotation is altered as Thomas uses the metaphor ‘ghostly room’, to portray the vacant village and this is supported by the cross-roads as they lead to emptiness and isolation. This is also seen in ‘Old Man’ as the paradox ‘only an avenue, dark, nameless, without end’ gives a sense of no lead despite the fact that an avenue should lead somewhere. It is clear here that Thomas’ state of depression is reflected in this last line as the imagery conjures connotations of death, gloom and finality.The emptiness is also portrayed in ‘Aspens’ as Thomas describes the ‘ghosts from their abode’, which suggests he is referring to the ghostly memories of the village, comparing them to how things have changed. We also see emptiness in ‘Aldestrop’ as Thomas explains how the unexpected stop is ‘bare’. The reason for this could be because the train was not due to stop at Aldestrop; on the other hand it could indicate the effects of wartime, particularly desolation. Loss of memory is seen in many of Thomas’ poems through different ways.Edna Longley, critic, points out that the part of the mind that remembers is the same part of the mind that generates poetry- the subconscious and comments that in ‘Old Man’ ‘perhaps / thinking perhaps of nothing’ is a rhetorically cunning line break. The verb ‘think’ is central to the poem as is the verb ‘remember’. Particularly in ‘Old Man’ Thomas uses the metaphor ‘I have mislaid the key’ to p resent his attempt of recollecting his first memory of the plant, Lads-Love. He portrays this as tantalising as he can ‘think of nothing’ when sniffing the herb, which suggests he finds loss of memory as frustrating.This is shown from the anaphora of ‘no’ at the end of the poem as it rightly expresses that the more he tries to remember the less likely the memory will reappear, which further shows his frustration of struggling to regain his memory. Despite this, Thomas makes it clear that the memory brings him sentimentality and this is clearly important to him. He shows that although the smell of the bush is ‘bitter’ he admires the plant because it brings back memories of his daughter. In comparison, Thomas also mentions that names are important in ‘Aldestrop’ as ‘I remember Aldestrop -/ The name’ suggests that the name brings every detail for him.A sense of change in community is seen in various poems by Thomas, due t o the effects of war. Most specifically, ‘Aspens’ shows clearly how vibrant and animated the village was once before through the onomatopoeic sounds ‘clink, the hum, the roar’ as they reflect the vivacity that was once present before the war. This is contrasted as the silence is emphasised through the dominance of sibilance through ‘a silent smithy’ and ‘a silent inn’, which emphasises the hollow atmosphere.The silence is further shown by the sibilance in the penultimate line ‘ceaselessly, unreasonably grieves’, which allows the silence of the trees to continue through to the end of the poem. A sense of change is also seen in ‘Aldestrop’ as Thomas uses the metaphor of ‘all the birds’ to represent the people of England as they suffer from the effects of the war as a whole. The fact that Thomas mentions countryside towns such as Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire shows how much Thomas values tradit ional English scenery and therefore shows his devastation of the effects of war.Thomas uses lots of different techniques in order to portray memory through a communal change, emptiness and as a way of life. Through his language, structure and symbolism within his poems, the reader is able to understand Thomas’ thoughts about memory (those being that it is frustrating to have ‘mislaid the key’ and how memories can change over time) and relate their own experiences with Thomas’ due to his profound and truthful portrayal of memory.

buy custom One Foot in Eden essay

buy custom One Foot in Eden essay Central character: The key characters taking the center stage are the sheriff, Will Alexander, the farmer, Billy Holcombe, his wife, Amy, their son Isaac and the sheriffs deputy, Bobby Murphree. Each character related the story as how they viewed it. Other characters: Other characters in the story are Widow Glendower, a woman who lives by herself in a remote area, Holland Winchester, the murder victim, and his mother. Setting: Ron Rash set the story in the 1950s, just after the Korean War, in the Jocassee Valley in the Appalachian Mountains of South Carolina. The place is rural and authors rich description of the place revealed that he was a native of Appalachia. With these lush descriptions, Ron Rash brings the reader to his own rural town. Narrator: There is more than one narrator in this story. The narrators are the same as the main characters. These characters, who take the center stage, tell the story of the murder in their own views, but each of them reveals more about it and therefore the plot progresses as the narrator switches from one to another. Events in summary: The story begins with the local sheriff, Will Alexander, as the narrator. The story opens with the return of Holland Winchester to his home town in South Carolina after the Korean War. The story of the murder begins when Holland Winchester suddenly disappeared. His mother knew he was murdered because she heard gun shots however, his body was missing and Will Alexander could not find any evidence that the murder took place. The author switches the narration to Amy Holcombe, the main suspects wife. Amy longed to have a child therefore she consulted the witch Widow Glendower when her husband could not impregnate her. The witch told her to lay down with a man who can give her a child and she pointed out Holland Winchester. Amy therefore had an affair with Holland. However, when she already conceived, she did not fulfill her promise to Widow fearing that the witch might hurt her son. Billy, the suspect, interpreted the events in his own perspective also. Things got even harder for him when he discovered his wifes mistake. This even pushed him to kill Holland. He also related his own struggles aas a father and a husband. Their son, Isaac Holcombe, also revealed his own struggle of living in a community where everything, including his identity, is concealed. He discovered afterwards that his real father was Holland. In the near end of the story, the power company forced everyone to leave the valley as they fl ooded it. It was the sheriffs deputy who wrapped up the story and revealed all the missing connections within the story. Tone: The tone of the novel is descriptive. Ron Rash richly and sophisticatedly described the setting, the characters and the events. Style: Ron Rash adapted a Rashomon style of a story where the same event in the story is told by different characters. Metaphor: Ron Rash used Eden in the title to refer to the situation of man when he was still in Eden. Theme: Sin causes loss and destruction. Symbols: The symbol of the water represents various ideas including life, fear and reprimand. Evaluation: Mans selfish desire leads him to sin, loss and destruction. Buy custom One Foot in Eden essay

Robber Barons Vs. Captains of Industry Essays

Robber Barons Vs. Captains of Industry Essays Robber Barons Vs. Captains of Industry Essay Robber Barons Vs. Captains of Industry Essay Robber Barons Vs. Captains of Industry In comparison between robber barons and captains of industry, most of these people are considered captains of industry. This is because most of the given people all affected the country and the business world positively for reasons that are stated as well as others. Although a couple people are obviously Robber Barons, for example Cornelius Vanderbilt, most of the rest are obviously captains of industry, donating money, making money and becoming a key reason for how the business industry became as fair as it is now. All of these people have in some way either contributed to the increase of productivity, providing more jobs, or expanding the market in a very crucial way. A very important reason why these eight guys would be considered captains of there industries is because the captain of our industries today are also doing things that are going to help this country that kinda relate what they were doing back then. Back then they were doing many thing to help out there country for example Henry Frick began buying coal mines, and he eventually controlled 80 percent of the coal output of Pennsylvania. Also, another example of this would be James hill and how he started his own business called the St. Paul, Minnesota Manitoba Railway Company, and expanded until his production of agricultural and other products carried to the rest of the country. He helped out the country a lot, and really stepped it up a notch and showed the country what technology is about. Not only was he making billions of dollars but he was also giving away about 58% of all of his money to charity every year to people who need the money a lot more that he does. To me I think that the captain of industries today and the ones from back then really relate to each other a lot, in doing good things for the country. Another reason that these men were considered captains of industry instead of robber barons has to do with the amount of money they gave away. John D. Rockefeller alone gave away more then 80 million dollars before he died and Henry Fick gave away 15 million and the rights to his mansion so a museum could be built. Andrew Carnegie believed that men who died rich, died isgraced, which showed that he was a charitable contributor to the things he cared most about. Granted some of them held their money a little tighter then others many of them gave away more then enough to schools and libraries and other establishments that bettered America. The final reason that these people are very important captains of industries are because they did what was needed to be done to get make their company successful, sure they stepped on a few people on the way up but it was only to better their own company. For example, Carnegie was a very poor man who started working as a bobbin boy for less then $1. 20 a day and he ended up being one of the richest men. He knew what it was like to work and earn so little that when he became rich and had money to blow he gave up a large potion of his fortunes to cultural, educational, as well as scientific institutions for the improvement of humanity. In conclusion, these eight men should be classified as captains of industry because of the given information. These men are all important parts of our history and most of these eight men were a very positive influence on industry itself and what we decide to do nowadays. These are very important figures of the industry because they gave us the ideas that we use today to consider what is acceptable for industry and how we pay or treat individuals working today. Without these men, then the United States would have a completely different outlook on how industry is ran and why we do things the way that we do.

Sap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Sap - Essay Example In allocating costs, SAP utilizes transaction based and periodic allocations. Periodic allocations are generally known as periodic reposting methods. Periodic reposting enables the user to adjust postings transferred to cost centers, business processes or internal orders. Transaction postings made under periodic reposting yield similar results to those posted under transaction based reposting (Periodic Allocations). Under periodic allocation, reposting has an effect felt only once on actual costs incurred at the end of the period. Postings are usually made on costs related to controlling, which include telephone, postal charges, and insurance costs that are all accounted for in financial accounting. These costs incurred are then posted to an allocation cost center or a specific business process. Periodic reposting widely uses distribution and assessment allocation, and indirect activity allocation method. Under distribution and assessment methods, primary and secondary costs are allocated from cost center accounting and activity based costing. Allocations can be based on costs or quantities where the user is dealing with indirect activity allocations. The costs or quantities are collected on a cost center during the accounting period and allocated to receivers according to keys defined by the user. These are the same methods used in indirect allocation method except that exchange of activities is not the basis of allocating costs or quantities. In indirect allocation, distribution and assessment methods utilize user defined keys such as amounts, percentages, statistical key figures or assignment basis provided for by the amount posted. Distribution and assessment methods define keys as well as the sender and receiver relationships only once; therefore being easy to use. Methods are also advantageous over direct allocation methods in that they can be used for cost centers (Periodic

Food Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Food Science - Essay Example The liquid component, which is in the form of droplets suspended in the other component, is known as the disperse, discontinuous, or open phase. The other phase is called the continuous or closed phase. For instance, when oil and water are mixed together vigorously, the oil may be dispersed in water, or the water may be dispersed in oil. In an 'oil in water emulsion', oil forms droplets in water (oil dispersed in water) and in a 'water in oil emulsion', water forms droplets in oil (water dispersed in oil). Fruits can be divided into climacteric and non-climacteric types based on the pattern of respiration during the ripening period. Climacteric fruits include apples, bananas, pears, melons and avocados which have a distinct ripening phase. Non-climacteric fruits include citrus fruits, grapes, strawberry, and pineapple which have no distinct ripening phase. The two classes respond to ethylene quite differently. If immature climacteric fruits are treated with ethylene, the onset of the climacteric and the associated ripening changes is hastened, but the overall pattern of respiration remains unchanged. If non-climacteric fruits are treated with ethylene, the rate of respiration is rapidly increased which leads to changes in colour through loss of chlorophyll, increases in simple sugars and loss of acids. For example, oranges lose chlorophyll Wheat proteins are divided into gluten proteins (generally about 80 to 85% of total wheat protein) and non-gluten proteins (about 15 to 20% of total wheat protein). It is the gluten proteins that largely determine the breadmaking performance of wheat flour. Wheat gluten proteins have the unusual property to form a visco-elastic mass after hydration. When kneading/mixing the flour with water, gluten proteins enable the formation of a cohesive visco-elastic dough that is capable of holding gas produced during fermentation and oven-rise, resulting in the typical fixed open foam structure of bread after baking. Although the dough rheological properties essential for breadmaking are largely determined by the wheat gluten proteins, interactions of the gluten protein matrix with other flour components like flour lipids, non-gluten proteins, may affect its rheological properties. Wheat gluten rheological properties can be modified further by the addition of oxidants, reducing agents, or pro teases that directly change gluten proteins or by the addition of lipids/emulsifiers or hemicelluloses that can modify gluten